2025Convocatoria ordinaria · Serie 4 · Ejercicio 1Part 1: Listening comprehension, an interview about the 30 by 30 plan
3 puntosCoincide con la pautaTemas: Comprensión oralEnunciado oficial
30 BY 30
In this radio programme you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them. Make sure you know what they mean.
sea urchin: eriçó de mar / erizo de mar
seaweed: algues / algas
Ready?
Now read the questions on the following page. Read them carefully before listening to the radio programme.
[Now listen to the interview.]
QUESTIONS
Choose the best answer according to the recording. Only ONE answer is correct.
[3 points: 0.375 points for each correct answer. Wrong answers will be penalized by deducting 0.125 points. There is no penalty for unanswered questions.]
1.1 What inspired Jordan Scala to develop a plan to protect the planet?
[0.375 points]
1.2 According to Jordan Scala, what ultimately led to the destruction of Mediterranean marine life?
[0.375 points]
1.3 Fishermen in Cabo Pulmo
[0.375 points]
1.4 What does Jordan Scala say about the effect of human activity on wildlife and natural habitats?
[0.375 points]
1.5 Which of the following does Jordan Scala NOT mention as an advantage of using trees, grasslands, and oceans to reduce carbon pollution?
[0.375 points]
1.6 Which of the following statements is FALSE?
[0.375 points]
1.7 According to Jordan Scala, protecting the natural world
[0.375 points]
1.8 Which option best describes the overall tone of the dialogue between the interviewer and Jordan Scala?
[0.375 points]
Audio oficial
Audio oficial de la comprensión oral: Generalitat de Catalunya, Eureka, biblioteca digital (registro 810). Licencia CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Registro en Eureka
Elige tu opción y abre la respuesta para compararla.
1.10,375 puntos
- a) The discovery of new underwater species in the Mediterranean.
- b) The changes in marine life he observed from childhood to adulthood.
- c) The influence of Jacques Cousteau’s campaigns against overfishing.
- d) A passion for documenting marine life on film.
- a) Descartada
No se dice en la entrevista: no habla de descubrir especies nuevas, sino de ver volver las que ya no veía desde niño: pulpos, peces grandes, bosques de algas.
- b) Correcta
Jordan Scala cuenta que el mar de su infancia estaba vacío y que, al bucear de adulto en una reserva marina, encontró lo que faltaba: «What was missing from the sea of my childhood was there: octopus, large fish, seaweed forests». Es la segunda opción.
- c) Descartada
Cousteau aparece por sus documentales («the underwater world that Jacques Cousteau showed us in his documentaries»), no por campañas contra la sobrepesca.
- d) Descartada
No se dice en la entrevista que él quisiera filmar la vida marina: dice que de niño le fascinaban los documentales de Cousteau.
1.20,375 puntos
- a) World War II.
- b) Large scale exploitation of the sea for food.
- c) A large number of scuba diving tourists.
- d) Pollution of the sea by documentary filmmakers.
- a) Descartada
La guerra solo marca el momento: durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial «the Mediterranean shores were still full of large fish»; lo que acaba con la vida marina es la industrialización de la pesca posterior.
- b) Correcta
Jordan Scala lo dice así: «The industrialisation of fishing after World War II put the final nail in the coffin of Mediterranean marine life». La causa es la pesca industrial, es decir, la explotación del mar para obtener alimento. Es la segunda opción.
- c) Descartada
No lo dice: el buceo turístico solo aparece como un beneficio para los pescadores de Cabo Pulmo, «diving tourism inside the reserve and better fishing around it», no como causa de la destrucción.
- d) Descartada
No se dice en la entrevista: de los documentales solo dice que le fascinaban de niño.
1.30,375 puntos
- a) requested a marine reserve and later benefited from it.
- b) opposed the creation of a marine reserve but later benefited from it.
- c) catch more fish inside the reserve than before.
- d) warn divers about sharks inside the reserve.
- a) Correcta
Jordan Scala cuenta que los pescadores «asked the Mexican government to create a no-fishing area» y que después «those visionary fishermen are better off now». Es la primera opción.
- b) Descartada
Dice lo contrario: no se opusieron, fueron ellos quienes pidieron crear la reserva.
- c) Descartada
Dentro de la reserva no se pesca («a no-fishing area»); la mejora está en el turismo de buceo y en la pesca de alrededor.
- d) Descartada
No se dice en la entrevista: los tiburones solo salen como parte de la recuperación («the return of the large fish and sharks»), sin que nadie avise a los buceadores.
1.40,375 puntos
- a) Wild animals have adapted well to changes caused by human activity.
- b) Land animals’ habitat has been better protected than that of sea animals.
- c) More land is needed to farm pandas, tigers, and elephants.
- d) Human activity has removed 90 % of all fish from the ocean.
- a) Descartada
Dice lo contrario: de los mamíferos, «Only four percent is everything else», es decir, lo que no son personas ni animales de granja.
- b) Correcta
Jordan Scala da la cifra de lo protegido: «only seven percent of the ocean and around a fifth of our land has been protected». La tierra está mejor protegida que el mar. Es la segunda opción.
- c) Descartada
Los pandas, tigres y elefantes salen como ejemplo de fauna salvaje, que es una parte muy pequeña de los mamíferos; no habla de criarlos ni de necesitar más tierra.
- d) Descartada
Exagera: dice que se ha eliminado más del 90 % de los peces grandes («over 90 percent of the large fish in the ocean»), no de todos los peces.
1.50,375 puntos
- a) Their effectiveness.
- b) Their cost.
- c) Their long-term existence.
- d) Their naturalness.
- a) Descartada
Sí la menciona: son «the best and most efficient technologies to remove carbon from the atmosphere».
- b) Descartada
Sí la menciona: mientras se protejan, «they do the removal for free».
- c) Descartada
Sí la menciona, con otras palabras: dice que «they already exist», es decir, que ya están disponibles.
- d) Correcta
Las ventajas que enumera son su eficacia («the best and most efficient technologies»), que ya existen («they already exist») y que son gratis («they do the removal for free»). Que sean naturales no lo presenta como una ventaja, así que esa es la que no menciona. Es la cuarta opción.
1.60,375 puntos
- a) All three objectives are given the same priority everywhere.
- b) Protecting 30 % of the ocean is the minimum requirement.
- c) Protecting the most biodiverse areas will harm fishing.
- d) A new system is used to choose which areas to protect.
- a) Correcta
Jordan Scala explica que elegir las zonas depende del peso que se dé a cada objetivo: «Picking which areas to protect depends on how much we value the different objectives»; dar el mismo peso a los tres es solo una hipótesis («if we gave the same weight to biodiversity, food and carbon»). Por eso es falsa la primera opción.
- b) Descartada
Es verdadera: dice que «the minimum amount of ocean we would need to protect would be 30 percent».
- c) Descartada
Es verdadera, aunque la opción es más tajante que lo que él dice: «Protecting the top areas for biodiversity could result in a loss of fish to catch».
- d) Descartada
Es verdadera: «we developed a new framework to optimize multiple benefits» para elegir las zonas.
1.70,375 puntos
- a) is too expensive.
- b) requires government subsidies.
- c) requires international cooperation.
- d) requires the support of polluting industries.
- a) Descartada
Dice lo contrario: el coste es «only a fraction of the money that governments use to subsidise industries that pollute».
- b) Descartada
Habla de subvenciones, pero de las que reciben las industrias contaminantes, y propone «reverse the flow of that money».
- c) Correcta
Jordan Scala insiste en que hace falta cooperar entre países: «Getting governments to work together is essential», y cita una coalición que ya reúne a 66 países. Es la tercera opción.
- d) Descartada
No se dice en la entrevista: las industrias contaminantes solo salen como receptoras de subvenciones, no como un apoyo necesario.
1.80,375 puntos
- a) Optimistic and hopeful, focussing on solutions and positive outcomes for the planet.
- b) Neutral and scientific, focussing on factual explanations and technical details.
- c) Pessimistic and resigned, focussing on the destruction of nature, which is seen as inevitable.
- d) Alarmist and fearful, emphasizing the urgency of the environmental crisis.
- a) Correcta
Jordan Scala habla de recuperación y de soluciones: «I have seen this miracle happen in other areas across the ocean» y «We saw it recover in only 10 years». Es la primera opción.
- b) Descartada
Da cifras, pero para defender un plan de acción («we launched a campaign for 30 by 30»), y habla con entusiasmo de lo ya recuperado, así que el tono no es neutro.
- c) Descartada
Habla de destrucción, pero no la ve inevitable: «I thought nature was lost» corresponde a antes de conocer la reserva, y después presenta soluciones.
- d) Descartada
Reconoce el peligro («If we are to prevent a global disaster»), pero no habla con miedo: lo que domina son las soluciones y los resultados ya conseguidos.
Transcripción oficial del audio
Interviewer: Today I am joined by marine ecologist Jordan Scala who is here to tell us about 30 by 30, an ambitious plan to protect our planet. Jordan, what made you want to get started with this plan?
Jordan: When I was a kid growing up in the Mediterranean, I was fascinated by the underwater world that Jacques Cousteau showed us in his documentaries. When he started filming during World War II, the Mediterranean shores were still full of large fish. But when I went to the sea to swim in the '70s, I saw none of that. There were sea urchins at the bottom, but I never saw a large fish. The industrialisation of fishing after World War II put the final nail in the coffin of Mediterranean marine life. I thought nature was lost. Until, in my 20s, I started scuba diving in the Medes Islands marine reserve in Spain. One square kilometre fully protected from fishing and other damaging activities. I still remember that first dive in the reserve. As soon as I put my head underwater, I felt like diving into one of Cousteau's films. What was missing from the sea of my childhood was there: octopus, large fish, seaweed forests. Just a few years of protection had allowed the sea to recover.
Interviewer: Is the Medes Islands marine reserve unique, are there other areas of the sea which have recovered?
Jordan: No, I have seen this miracle happen in other areas across the ocean, like in Cabo Pulmo, Mexico, where local fishermen were so upset about not having enough fish to catch, that in the mid-90s, they asked the Mexican government to create a no-fishing area. A national park in the sea. We surveyed the marine environment then, and the place was an underwater desert. When we returned a decade later, everything had changed. What had been an empty sea was now full of life and colour. We saw it recover in only 10 years, including the return of the large fish and sharks. And those visionary fishermen are better off now. From diving tourism inside the reserve and better fishing around it.
Interviewer: So, there is obviously a strong argument for protecting our seas then.
Jordan: Yes, but today, globally, only seven percent of the ocean and around a fifth of our land has been protected. That means that we have converted most of our planet into a tame environment, where we and our farmed animals represent 96 percent of the mammals. Only four percent is everything else, from pandas to tigers to elephants. And we have removed over 90 percent of the large fish in the ocean in the last century alone.
Interviewer: Last summer saw some of the hottest temperatures in human history, in places that one would expect to be cool, like Canada, Finland and Siberia. I imagine this has played a role in the destruction of the natural environment.
Jordan: This extreme heat kills hundreds of thousands of people. If we are to prevent a global disaster, we need to do two things. As we know, we need to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to almost zero. But we also need to decrease the excess carbon pollution in the atmosphere and in the ocean. We need nature's help. Because trees, grasslands, and healthy oceans are the best and most efficient technologies to remove carbon from the atmosphere, and they already exist. As long as we protect them, they do the removal for free.
Interviewer: So that’s the solution. Surely, it can’t be that simple.
Jordan: The problem is that nature cannot keep up with us. The biodiversity that is left today is not enough to absorb our impacts any longer. That's why I put together a team of top scientists and economists to answer the question of which areas in the ocean we must protect first. And how much of the ocean do we need to protect? We decided to focus on three objectives: biodiversity, food and carbon storage to help the fight against climate change. If we think of each objective in isolation, there are compromises. Protecting the top areas for biodiversity could result in a loss of fish to catch, for example. To solve that problem, we developed a new framework to optimize multiple benefits. Picking which areas to protect depends on how much we value the different objectives. We found that if we gave the same weight to biodiversity, food and carbon, we would need to protect the right 45 percent of the ocean to maximize the three benefits. We also found that even if we didn't value biodiversity, the minimum amount of ocean we would need to protect would be 30 percent.
Interviewer: But what about land?
Jordan: Similar analysis has been done for the land, also showing 30 percent as a minimum. Armed with this research, we launched a campaign for 30 by 30, meaning at least 30 percent of the planet, land and sea, protected by 2030. Getting governments to work together is essential. Working with the governments of Costa Rica, France and the United Kingdom, we built the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People, which now has 66 countries, all supporting "30 by 30" as a main target for a global deal on nature.
Interviewer: Some will say, however, that we cannot afford to protect our natural world. What do you say to that?
Jordan: I understand that the idea of protecting a third of our land and ocean may feel threatening to those who see only the short-term profits of their destruction. But let's look at the numbers. A study has put the cost of protecting 30 percent of the planet at about 140 billion dollars a year. That's only a fraction of the money that governments use to subsidise industries that pollute our air, damage our land and empty our ocean. We need to reverse the flow of that money from funding the destruction of our life support system to preserving it.
Interviewer: Thank you, Jordan.
Adapted from:
Sala, E. Enric Sala: A bold plan to protect 30 percent of the Earth’s surface and ocean floor. TED Talk.
https://www.ted.com/talks/enric_sala_a_bold_plan_to_protect_30_percent_of_the_earth_s_surface_and_ocean_floor
Enunciado: Generalitat de Catalunya, Consell Interuniversitari de Catalunya, Oficina d’Accés a la Universitat. PAU de Inglés 2025, convocatoria ordinaria. La imagen es el examen oficial tal cual y el texto lo reproduce; las explicaciones y las respuestas modelo son de EducaIA. Consultado el 7 de noviembre de 2026; el documento no declara fecha de última actualización.
Examen (PDF)Pauta de corrección (PDF)Reutilizado según el aviso legal de la Generalitat