2025Convocatòria ordinària · Sèrie 4 · Exercici 1Part 1: Listening comprehension, an interview about the 30 by 30 plan
3 puntsCoincideix amb la pautaTemes: Comprensió oralEnunciat oficial
30 BY 30
In this radio programme you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them. Make sure you know what they mean.
sea urchin: eriçó de mar / erizo de mar
seaweed: algues / algas
Ready?
Now read the questions on the following page. Read them carefully before listening to the radio programme.
[Now listen to the interview.]
QUESTIONS
Choose the best answer according to the recording. Only ONE answer is correct.
[3 points: 0.375 points for each correct answer. Wrong answers will be penalized by deducting 0.125 points. There is no penalty for unanswered questions.]
1.1 What inspired Jordan Scala to develop a plan to protect the planet?
[0.375 points]
1.2 According to Jordan Scala, what ultimately led to the destruction of Mediterranean marine life?
[0.375 points]
1.3 Fishermen in Cabo Pulmo
[0.375 points]
1.4 What does Jordan Scala say about the effect of human activity on wildlife and natural habitats?
[0.375 points]
1.5 Which of the following does Jordan Scala NOT mention as an advantage of using trees, grasslands, and oceans to reduce carbon pollution?
[0.375 points]
1.6 Which of the following statements is FALSE?
[0.375 points]
1.7 According to Jordan Scala, protecting the natural world
[0.375 points]
1.8 Which option best describes the overall tone of the dialogue between the interviewer and Jordan Scala?
[0.375 points]
Àudio oficial
Àudio oficial de la comprensió oral: Generalitat de Catalunya, Eureka, biblioteca digital (registre 810). Llicència CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Registre a Eureka
Tria la teva opció i obre la resposta per comparar-la.
1.10,375 punts
- a) The discovery of new underwater species in the Mediterranean.
- b) The changes in marine life he observed from childhood to adulthood.
- c) The influence of Jacques Cousteau’s campaigns against overfishing.
- d) A passion for documenting marine life on film.
- a) Descartada
No es diu a l’entrevista: no parla de descobrir espècies noves, sinó de veure tornar les que ja no veia des de petit: pops, peixos grans, boscos d’algues.
- b) Correcta
Jordan Scala explica que el mar de la seva infantesa era buit i que, en bussejar de gran en una reserva marina, va trobar el que hi faltava: «What was missing from the sea of my childhood was there: octopus, large fish, seaweed forests». És la segona opció.
- c) Descartada
Cousteau apareix pels seus documentals («the underwater world that Jacques Cousteau showed us in his documentaries»), no per campanyes contra la sobrepesca.
- d) Descartada
No es diu a l’entrevista que ell volgués filmar la vida marina: diu que de petit li fascinaven els documentals de Cousteau.
1.20,375 punts
- a) World War II.
- b) Large scale exploitation of the sea for food.
- c) A large number of scuba diving tourists.
- d) Pollution of the sea by documentary filmmakers.
- a) Descartada
La guerra només marca el moment: durant la Segona Guerra Mundial «the Mediterranean shores were still full of large fish»; el que acaba amb la vida marina és la industrialització de la pesca posterior.
- b) Correcta
Jordan Scala ho diu així: «The industrialisation of fishing after World War II put the final nail in the coffin of Mediterranean marine life». La causa és la pesca industrial, és a dir, l’explotació del mar per obtenir aliment. És la segona opció.
- c) Descartada
No ho diu: el busseig turístic només apareix com un benefici per als pescadors de Cabo Pulmo, «diving tourism inside the reserve and better fishing around it», no com a causa de la destrucció.
- d) Descartada
No es diu a l’entrevista: dels documentals només diu que de petit el fascinaven.
1.30,375 punts
- a) requested a marine reserve and later benefited from it.
- b) opposed the creation of a marine reserve but later benefited from it.
- c) catch more fish inside the reserve than before.
- d) warn divers about sharks inside the reserve.
- a) Correcta
Jordan Scala explica que els pescadors «asked the Mexican government to create a no-fishing area» i que després «those visionary fishermen are better off now». És la primera opció.
- b) Descartada
Diu el contrari: no s’hi van oposar, van ser ells qui van demanar crear la reserva.
- c) Descartada
Dins la reserva no es pesca («a no-fishing area»); la millora és en el turisme de busseig i en la pesca de l’entorn.
- d) Descartada
No es diu a l’entrevista: els taurons només surten com a part de la recuperació («the return of the large fish and sharks»), sense que ningú avisi els bussejadors.
1.40,375 punts
- a) Wild animals have adapted well to changes caused by human activity.
- b) Land animals’ habitat has been better protected than that of sea animals.
- c) More land is needed to farm pandas, tigers, and elephants.
- d) Human activity has removed 90 % of all fish from the ocean.
- a) Descartada
Diu el contrari: dels mamífers, «Only four percent is everything else», és a dir, el que no són persones ni animals de granja.
- b) Correcta
Jordan Scala dona la xifra del que està protegit: «only seven percent of the ocean and around a fifth of our land has been protected». La terra està més ben protegida que el mar. És la segona opció.
- c) Descartada
Els pandes, tigres i elefants surten com a exemple de fauna salvatge, que és una part molt petita dels mamífers; no parla de criar-los ni de necessitar més terra.
- d) Descartada
Exagera: diu que s’ha eliminat més del 90 % dels peixos grans («over 90 percent of the large fish in the ocean»), no de tots els peixos.
1.50,375 punts
- a) Their effectiveness.
- b) Their cost.
- c) Their long-term existence.
- d) Their naturalness.
- a) Descartada
Sí que l’esmenta: són «the best and most efficient technologies to remove carbon from the atmosphere».
- b) Descartada
Sí que l’esmenta: mentre es protegeixin, «they do the removal for free».
- c) Descartada
Sí que l’esmenta, amb altres paraules: diu que «they already exist», és a dir, que ja són disponibles.
- d) Correcta
Els avantatges que enumera són la seva eficàcia («the best and most efficient technologies»), que ja existeixen («they already exist») i que són gratis («they do the removal for free»). Que siguin naturals no ho presenta com un avantatge, així que aquesta és la que no esmenta. És la quarta opció.
1.60,375 punts
- a) All three objectives are given the same priority everywhere.
- b) Protecting 30 % of the ocean is the minimum requirement.
- c) Protecting the most biodiverse areas will harm fishing.
- d) A new system is used to choose which areas to protect.
- a) Correcta
Jordan Scala explica que triar les zones depèn del pes que es doni a cada objectiu: «Picking which areas to protect depends on how much we value the different objectives»; donar el mateix pes als tres és només una hipòtesi («if we gave the same weight to biodiversity, food and carbon»). Per això la primera opció és falsa.
- b) Descartada
És certa: diu que «the minimum amount of ocean we would need to protect would be 30 percent».
- c) Descartada
És certa, tot i que l’opció és més tallant del que ell diu: «Protecting the top areas for biodiversity could result in a loss of fish to catch».
- d) Descartada
És certa: «we developed a new framework to optimize multiple benefits» per triar les zones.
1.70,375 punts
- a) is too expensive.
- b) requires government subsidies.
- c) requires international cooperation.
- d) requires the support of polluting industries.
- a) Descartada
Diu el contrari: el cost és «only a fraction of the money that governments use to subsidise industries that pollute».
- b) Descartada
Parla de subvencions, però de les que reben les indústries contaminants, i proposa «reverse the flow of that money».
- c) Correcta
Jordan Scala insisteix que cal cooperar entre països: «Getting governments to work together is essential», i cita una coalició que ja reuneix 66 països. És la tercera opció.
- d) Descartada
No es diu a l’entrevista: les indústries contaminants només surten com a receptores de subvencions, no com un suport necessari.
1.80,375 punts
- a) Optimistic and hopeful, focussing on solutions and positive outcomes for the planet.
- b) Neutral and scientific, focussing on factual explanations and technical details.
- c) Pessimistic and resigned, focussing on the destruction of nature, which is seen as inevitable.
- d) Alarmist and fearful, emphasizing the urgency of the environmental crisis.
- a) Correcta
Jordan Scala parla de recuperació i de solucions: «I have seen this miracle happen in other areas across the ocean» i «We saw it recover in only 10 years». És la primera opció.
- b) Descartada
Dona xifres, però per defensar un pla d’acció («we launched a campaign for 30 by 30»), i parla amb entusiasme del que ja s’ha recuperat, així que el to no és neutre.
- c) Descartada
Parla de destrucció, però no la veu inevitable: «I thought nature was lost» correspon a abans de conèixer la reserva, i després presenta solucions.
- d) Descartada
Reconeix el perill («If we are to prevent a global disaster»), però no parla amb por: el que domina són les solucions i els resultats ja aconseguits.
Transcripció oficial de l’àudio
Interviewer: Today I am joined by marine ecologist Jordan Scala who is here to tell us about 30 by 30, an ambitious plan to protect our planet. Jordan, what made you want to get started with this plan?
Jordan: When I was a kid growing up in the Mediterranean, I was fascinated by the underwater world that Jacques Cousteau showed us in his documentaries. When he started filming during World War II, the Mediterranean shores were still full of large fish. But when I went to the sea to swim in the '70s, I saw none of that. There were sea urchins at the bottom, but I never saw a large fish. The industrialisation of fishing after World War II put the final nail in the coffin of Mediterranean marine life. I thought nature was lost. Until, in my 20s, I started scuba diving in the Medes Islands marine reserve in Spain. One square kilometre fully protected from fishing and other damaging activities. I still remember that first dive in the reserve. As soon as I put my head underwater, I felt like diving into one of Cousteau's films. What was missing from the sea of my childhood was there: octopus, large fish, seaweed forests. Just a few years of protection had allowed the sea to recover.
Interviewer: Is the Medes Islands marine reserve unique, are there other areas of the sea which have recovered?
Jordan: No, I have seen this miracle happen in other areas across the ocean, like in Cabo Pulmo, Mexico, where local fishermen were so upset about not having enough fish to catch, that in the mid-90s, they asked the Mexican government to create a no-fishing area. A national park in the sea. We surveyed the marine environment then, and the place was an underwater desert. When we returned a decade later, everything had changed. What had been an empty sea was now full of life and colour. We saw it recover in only 10 years, including the return of the large fish and sharks. And those visionary fishermen are better off now. From diving tourism inside the reserve and better fishing around it.
Interviewer: So, there is obviously a strong argument for protecting our seas then.
Jordan: Yes, but today, globally, only seven percent of the ocean and around a fifth of our land has been protected. That means that we have converted most of our planet into a tame environment, where we and our farmed animals represent 96 percent of the mammals. Only four percent is everything else, from pandas to tigers to elephants. And we have removed over 90 percent of the large fish in the ocean in the last century alone.
Interviewer: Last summer saw some of the hottest temperatures in human history, in places that one would expect to be cool, like Canada, Finland and Siberia. I imagine this has played a role in the destruction of the natural environment.
Jordan: This extreme heat kills hundreds of thousands of people. If we are to prevent a global disaster, we need to do two things. As we know, we need to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to almost zero. But we also need to decrease the excess carbon pollution in the atmosphere and in the ocean. We need nature's help. Because trees, grasslands, and healthy oceans are the best and most efficient technologies to remove carbon from the atmosphere, and they already exist. As long as we protect them, they do the removal for free.
Interviewer: So that’s the solution. Surely, it can’t be that simple.
Jordan: The problem is that nature cannot keep up with us. The biodiversity that is left today is not enough to absorb our impacts any longer. That's why I put together a team of top scientists and economists to answer the question of which areas in the ocean we must protect first. And how much of the ocean do we need to protect? We decided to focus on three objectives: biodiversity, food and carbon storage to help the fight against climate change. If we think of each objective in isolation, there are compromises. Protecting the top areas for biodiversity could result in a loss of fish to catch, for example. To solve that problem, we developed a new framework to optimize multiple benefits. Picking which areas to protect depends on how much we value the different objectives. We found that if we gave the same weight to biodiversity, food and carbon, we would need to protect the right 45 percent of the ocean to maximize the three benefits. We also found that even if we didn't value biodiversity, the minimum amount of ocean we would need to protect would be 30 percent.
Interviewer: But what about land?
Jordan: Similar analysis has been done for the land, also showing 30 percent as a minimum. Armed with this research, we launched a campaign for 30 by 30, meaning at least 30 percent of the planet, land and sea, protected by 2030. Getting governments to work together is essential. Working with the governments of Costa Rica, France and the United Kingdom, we built the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People, which now has 66 countries, all supporting "30 by 30" as a main target for a global deal on nature.
Interviewer: Some will say, however, that we cannot afford to protect our natural world. What do you say to that?
Jordan: I understand that the idea of protecting a third of our land and ocean may feel threatening to those who see only the short-term profits of their destruction. But let's look at the numbers. A study has put the cost of protecting 30 percent of the planet at about 140 billion dollars a year. That's only a fraction of the money that governments use to subsidise industries that pollute our air, damage our land and empty our ocean. We need to reverse the flow of that money from funding the destruction of our life support system to preserving it.
Interviewer: Thank you, Jordan.
Adapted from:
Sala, E. Enric Sala: A bold plan to protect 30 percent of the Earth’s surface and ocean floor. TED Talk.
https://www.ted.com/talks/enric_sala_a_bold_plan_to_protect_30_percent_of_the_earth_s_surface_and_ocean_floor
Enunciat: Generalitat de Catalunya, Consell Interuniversitari de Catalunya, Oficina d’Accés a la Universitat. PAU d’Anglès 2025, convocatòria ordinària. La imatge és l’examen oficial tal qual i el text el reprodueix; les explicacions i les respostes model són d’EducaIA. Consultat el 7 de novembre de 2026; el document no declara data d’última actualització.
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